F15 eagle showing vapor trails and compression clouds on leading edges of wings, 2007 cleveland air show. Vapor compression distillation the vapor compression distillation vcd process is used either in combination with other processes such as the med, or by itself. Hongfei zheng, in solar energy desalination technology, 2017. Ro technical advances, as seen in the latest vapor compression systems, allow many of todays better commercial distillation systems to produce water to 1 ppm total dissolved solids tds at a fraction of the cost of earlier distillers. Vapor compression for desalination in 1939, meco patented the vapor compression process for the desalination of saltwater. The vacuum distillation column internals must provide good vaporliquid contacting while, at the same time, maintaining a very lowpressure increase from the top of the column top to the bottom.
All of these purifiers work by vapor compression distillation. Saturated mixture 100 % vapor there is no a mixture of vapor and liquid. See all formats and editions hide other formats and editions. Basics, notions, and economics paperback february 22, 2011. Process description mechanical vapor compression distillation of saline water is a process in which mechanical energy is used as the main driving force. Vapor compression distillation subsystem vcds component enhancement, testing and expert fault diagnostics development final report volume ii by es. When the vapour is rapidly compressed, its temperature rises.
This report is divided into three sections books each with its own index. Us200522a vapor compression distillation us2619453a en. The vapor recompression cycle has a set ratio between available condenser side to reboiler duty. Distillation is the oldest and most commonly used method of desalination. This technique is used when the boiling point of the desired compound is difficult to achieve or will cause the compound to decompose. Seawater is sprayed outside of the heated tube bundle where it boils and partially evaporates, producing more water. Mechanical vapor compression distillation of saline water is a process in which. Vapor compression distillation pharma vapor compressions stills. A multi effect distillation med or mechanical vapour compression mvc evaporator positioned as the first stage of the process. Mechanical vapor compression aquaswiss ag the thermal.
These type of generators are used where heating source is not available. Incoming water influent enters the system and runs through two heat exchangers which transfer heat to the influent from the outgoing pure water distillate and grey water concentrate. Mechanical vapor compression an overview sciencedirect topics. The heart of the experiment is the distillation assembly. Vacuum distillation is distillation performed under reduced pressure, which allows the purification of compounds not readily distilled at ambient pressures or simply to save time or energy.
Vapor compression distillation using secondary heat transfer. Comparison of lobetype and centrifugal compressors appendix glossary bibliography and suggestions for further study 1. A unique, welldocumented, and forwardthinking work, this reference book provides an ideal platform for scientists. Moreover, it provides a broad overview of the recent developments in distillation based on process intensification principles, for example heat pump assisted distillation e. For case histories, and basic knowledge of vapor liquid separation, you cant beat distillation design and distillation operations. Vapor compression distillation, or vcd, is often used together with multieffect distillation for large applications or alone when used in smaller settings. We propose a scheme figure 2 by which we will design a purification system to. Further commercial development of landbased seawater distillation units took place in the. Nasa vapor compression distillation vcd flight experiment. Vapor compression distillation pharma vapor compressions. Kisters two volumes are more specific and slightly easier to follow. Therefore, bramcor stmc vapor compression distiller vcd produces compendial.
Vapor compression and thermoelectric heat pumps for a cascade. Since compression of the vapor increases both the pressure and temperature of the vapor, it is possible to use the latent heat rejected during. Design considerations for water for injection wfi distillation. Vapor compression distillation has many advantages, namely high heattowork efficiency, small volume, no need for largescale heat sources, and the compressor being driven by electricity or diesel engine, so it is suitable for applying in ship, island, and seabase for. Noncondensibles removed prior to distillation corrosion reduction hot standby improved response to distillate demand elimination of biogrowth sanitary construction and connections on product contact plc based controls equipment details state of the art, gii centurbo compressor. Vapor compression distillation is one method, where the majority of the heat of vaporization can be recovered to greatly reduce the energy consumption. However, this is insufficient to be energy competitive with other purification methods. However, the design is often based on heuristic rules or the experience of the designer, as no systematic methodology driven by economics has been established so far. Vaporcompression desalination vc refers to a distillation process where the evaporation of sea or saline water is obtained by the application of heat delivered by compressed vapor overview. Both technologies have been applied in many other fields, but vaporcompression distillation is much appreciated for pharma applications, either for its design simplicity, with no particular criticalities, or for its functional reliability, ensuring quality consistency in wfi production. Vapor compression, distillation systems, forced circulation vapor. Vapour compression distillation chemical process britannica. Remarkably, all it takes is boiling and reliquefying water at precise temperatures. For case histories, and basic knowledge of vaporliquid separation, you cant beat distillation design and distillation operations.
Ungar nasajohnson space center, houston, tx, 77058 humans on a spacecraft require significant amounts of water for drinking, food, hydration, and hygiene. Vapor compression recovers the latent heat of condensation that is normally lost to cooling water in a condenser. Us2619453a us200522a us20052250a us2619453a us 2619453 a us2619453 a us 2619453a us 200522 a us200522 a us 200522a us 20052250 a us20052250 a us 20052250a us 2619453 a us2619453 a us 2619453a authority us united states prior art keywords fluid vapors heat exchanger body plant prior art date 19460424 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal. Vapor compression distillation is a method of evapora. Mallinak december, 1987 prepared under contract nas916374 by. Vapor compression technology was originally designed for desalination processing.
There may be a fitfor purpose pretreatment before entering the concentrator, such as daf, clarifier, filtration etc to obtain pure water as a final product and highly concentrated brine, which is. Mechanical vapor compression distillation or mvc has been used widely for. The mechanical compressor creates a vacuum in the vessel and then compresses the vapor taken from the vessel and condenses it inside a tube bundle. The design problem concerns the replacement of r4a refrigerant. Vapor compression an overview sciencedirect topics.
Pharmaceutical vapor compression distillation vcd, improperly known as thermocompression or such as mechanical vapor recompression mvr or mechanical vapor compression mvc, too, is the main way to produce grade waters for pharmaceutical production environment. Kamen once ran down a partial list of what this process can purify. Vapor compression distillation numbers reference the points in the diagrams above and below 1. Other articles where vapour compression distillation is discussed.
Browse publications technical papers 9218 gray water recycling with a unique vapor compression distillation vcd design 9218 the majority of the waste water from small isolated outposts such as antarctic bases and planned lunar and martian bases consists of gray water water from clothes and dishwashing, and crew hygiene. One of the major design parameters for all distillers is the performance ratio a measure of the. Meco vapor compression stills feature the gii centurbo compressor for pharmaceutical. Vapor compression distillation using secondary heat. It does this by taking vapors that would normally go to a condenser and compressing them, raising their temp and pressure, then reinjecting them into the process. Vapor compression distillation vc is a process used to produce water for injection wfi on the principle of distillation, where the water is distilled with phase change and entrainment separation. A singleeffect mechanical vaporcompression system is to be designed at the following conditions.
This explains the operation and working principle of a vapor compression distillation type fresh water generator. Distillation distillation is a commonly used method for purifying liquids and separating mixtures of liquids into their individual components. Urine is processed using a phase change process from the liquid phase to the vapor phase and back to liquid. Since compression of the vapor increases both the pressure and temperature of the vapor, it is possible to use the latent heat rejected during condensation to generate additional vapor. Pharmaceutical vapor compression distillation vcd, improperly known as thermocompression or such as mechanical vapor recompression mvr or mechanical vapor compression mvc distillation, too, is the main way to produce wfi water for injection and grade waters for pharmaceutical use. Global optimal design of mechanical vapor compression mvc. The vapor recompression column has a combined condenserreboiler, with no external heat transfer fluids. Design, control and economics of distillation request pdf. In 1939, meco patented the vapor compression process for the desalination of saltwater. Vapor compression and thermoelectric heat pumps for a. Greater efficiency of the vapor compression system is achieved by connecting multiple evaporators in series, rather than the traditional parallel arrangement.
The steam generated due to evaporation of seawater is used as heating source to generate more steam. The worlds first landbased desalination plant, a multipleeffect distillation med process plant that had a capacity of 60 m 3 day, was installed on curacao, netherlands antilles, in 1928. Gray water recycling with a unique vapor compression. Familiar examples include the distillation of crude fermentation broths into alcoholic spirits such as gin and vodka, and the fractionation of crude oil into useful products such as gasoline and heating oil. Vapor compression vc distillation plants have seen. The mechanical compressor creates a vacuum in the vessel and then compresses the vapor taken from the. A refrigerant design problem for a vaporcompression refrigeration cycle was presented previously gani et al. Complete vapor recovery validated the novel pervaporation membrane bioreactor. The vcd flight experiment is designed to verify the vapor compression distillation processing concept in weightlessness, as well as the performance of the various components.
It is self sustaining and requires very less energy to produce water. Report discussing a particular method of converting saline water through vapor compression distillation at plants of different sizes. In the meantime, mechanical vapor compression is an attractive technology suitable for the design of small capacity desalination units with a reasonable degree of mobility and compactness. Some of the compressed and heated vapour is then recycled through a series of tubes passing through. Therefore, the vacuum column uses distillation trays only where withdrawing products from the side of the column referred to as side draws. Vapor compression distillation fresh water generator. Improvements in compressor design have increased reliability. Vapor compression refrigeration systems are used for a variety of coolingrefrigeration applications. If you dont have this book on your shelf you should. To obtain wfi from vapor compression distillation system with more efficiency, in the 90s, bramcor improved vc technology, with the creation of a new patented multistage compressor, reaching the title of laboratory of research for water treatment systems given by. Table 1 gives details for the feed conditions, product specifications and utilities used for the distillation column designs. As the cost of energy became a concern, inventors developed new, more efficient methods of distillation. Consider ludwigs book later when you are designing nuts and bolt details of columns.
This technique separates compounds based on differences in boiling points. Since then, weve refined and improved the technology to deliver highquality potable drinking water and distilled water in some of the worlds harshest environments. Design considerations for wfi distillation systems part 1 ispe. Moyers j c and senatore s j 1968 vapor compressor design studies. Vapor compression systems are more efficient for larger applications. Vapor compression refrigeration an overview sciencedirect.
Mechanical vapour compression systems are small distillation units with a capacity in the. Vapor compression distillation has many advantages, namely high heattowork efficiency, small volume, no need for largescale heat sources, and the compressor being driven by electricity or diesel engine, so it is suitable for applying in ship, island, and seabase for seabed exploitation. This investigates a highefficiency mechanical vapor compression distillation system that employs an improved water flow arrangement. Humidification meh method, book chapter, solar desalination for the 21st. Books i and ii contain process and economic data for a 50,000 gpd pilot plant and a 10,000,000 gpd production plant. In the vapourcompression system, heat is provided by the compression of vapour rather than by direct heat input from a boiler. Vapor compression and thermoelectric heat pumps for a cascade distillation subsystem. A conventional column has a separate condenser and reboiler, each with its own heat transfer fluid such as cooling water and steam.
Meco is the leading manufacturer of vapor compression distillation systems for the. Mechanical energy provides a source of thermal energy for condensation processes similar to med. Download biopharmaceutical vapor compression e book. Since the pressure increase of the vapor also generates an increase in the condensation temperature, the same vapor can serve as the heating medium for its mother. The vapor compression cycle circulates a fluid through a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator, in order to absorb heat from a refrigerated space at a low temperature and give off heat at a higher temperature to the surroundings, thus keeping the refrigerated space cool. Vapor compression desalination vc refers to a distillation process where the evaporation of sea or saline water is obtained by the application of heat delivered by compressed vapor. Aquaswiss mechanical vapor compression mvc distillation is the most thermodynamically efficient process of singlepurpose thermal desalination. Vapor compression evaporation is the evaporation method by which a blower, compressor or jet ejector is used to compress, and thus, increase the pressure of the vapor produced. Tleimat b w 1969 novel approach to desalination by vapor compression distillation.
In this paper, the case study was extended to include an expanded search space, inclusion of utility streams and practical design criteria. Both technologies have been applied in many other fields, but vapor compression distillation is much appreciated for pharma applications, either for its design simplicity, with no particular criticalities, or for its functional reliability, ensuring quality consistency in wfi production. In the vc process, the vapor produced by evaporating the water is compressed to increase the saturation pressure and temperature. Distillation is a process in which a liquid or vapor mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity based on the fact that the vapor of a boiling mixture will be richer in the components that have lower boiling points a consumer of enormous amounts of energy in terms of cooling and heating.